школота

Настоящее совершенное время употребляется:

  • для выражения действия, которое непосредственно относится к моменту речи:

I take lost my keys and can't enter my flat.  — Я потерял ключи и не могу войти в квартиру. (Потерял ключи в прошлом, в квартиру не может попасть сейчас.)

  • если действие (состояние) длилась до момента речи, и возможно, все еще длится в момент речи, особенно при использовании глаголов состояния (to be, to know, to like…)

He has worked at this role for 3 years already. — Он работает в этом офисе уже 3 года.

  •  если речь идет о событиях, которые произошли в прошлом, при этом акцент ставится на совершении действия, а не на времени:

Nobody has ever climbed that mountain. — Еще никто не восходил на эту гору.

Подружились со временем? Проверим!

Exercise 1. Выберите неправильные глаголы и запишите их 3ю форму (Past Participle).

To arrive, to give, to play, to sympathize, to blow, to prepare, to wash, to fall, to miss, to run, to know, to talk, to open, to do, to water, to teach, to iron, to brush, to pay, to say, to call up, to testify, to speak, to gather.

Answers:Given, understood, blown, fallen, run, known, washed, taught, paid, said, shown, spoken.

Exercise ii. Выберите правильный вариант.

  1. I have/has watched this pic.
  2. We have began/begun the work.
  3.  Den have/has done his homework.
  4.  Molly has intermission/ broken her toy.
  5.  Julia and Betty take/has cut the vegetables.
  6. He/we accept paid for pizza.
  7.  You have/has ironed this wearing apparel.
  8.  Children have has/had supper.
  9. I/she have switched off the light.
  10.  Martin has went/gone.
  11.  The daughter has drew/drawn a nice picture show.
  12. You/he has returned from the trip.
  13.  They take/has gathered the harvest.
  14. She/they has packed the things.
  15. We have chose/chosen the present.
  16.  The train have/has arrived.

Answers: 1. have; 2. begun; 3. has; 4. broken; 5. have; 6. we; 7. accept; 8. had; 9. I; 10. gone; 11. fatigued; 12. he; xiii. have; 14. She; 15. chosen; 16. has.

Exercise 3. Составьте предложения, используя Present Perfect.

  1. We/to return/from the journey/just.
  2. I/to see/my boss/today.
  3.  Helen/to decorate/her room/already.
  4. My cousins/to be/to this cinema/never.
  5.  Max/to buy/а magazine/today.
  6.  You/to spend/а lot of money/this calendar month.
  7.  Ian and Peter/to repair/the radio/already.
  8.  I/to drive/а car/never.
  9.  We/to become/some letters/this week.
  10.  The domestic dog/to run away/just.

собака

Answers: ane. We have but returned from the journey. 2. I have seen my boss today. 3. Helen has already decorated her room. 4. My cousins take never been to this movie house. 5. Max has bought a magazine today. 6. You lot have spent a lot of money this month. 7. Ian and Peter have already repaired the radio. 8. I accept never driven a car. 9. We have got some letters this week. ten. The dog has but run abroad.

Do 4. В следующих предложениях измените время гла­гола на Present Perfect. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

  1. The pupils are writing a dictation.
  2.  My friend is helping me to solve a hard problem.
  3. I am learning a poem.
  4.  She is telling them an interest­ing story.
  5.  Kate is sweeping the flooring.
  6. The wait­er is putting a bottle of lemonade in front end of him.
  7. I am eating my breakfast.
  8. We are drinking water.
  9.  He is bringing them some meat and vege­tables.
  10.  You are putting the dishes on the table.
  11. They are having tea.
  12. She is taking the dirty plates from the table.
  13. The children are putting on their coats.
  14. Susan is making a new dress for her altogether political party.
  15. She is opening a box of chocolates.
  16. I am buying milk for milk shakes.
  17. James is ordering a bottle of apple juice.
  18.  Nosotros are looking for more CDs with expert music.
  19. Are you recording your favourite film on his video recorder?
  20. I am translating a difficult commodity from German into Russian.

парень

Answers: 1. have written. 2. has helped. iii. have learnt. 4. has told. 5. has swept. half-dozen. has put. 7. have eaten. 8. take drunk. 9. has brought. x. have put. 11. have had. 12. has taken. 13. have put on. 14. has made. 15. has opened. 16. have bought. 17. has ordered. 18. have looked. xix. have you recorded. 20. have translated.

Перевод: 1. Ученики написали диктант. ii. Мой друг помог мне решить трудную задачу. 3. Я выучил стихотворение. iv. Она рассказала им интересную историю. five. Катя подмела пол. half-dozen. Официант поставил перед ним бутылку лимонада. 7. Я позавтракал. 8. Мы выпили воды. ix. Он принес им мясо с овощами. x. Ты поставил посуду на стол. 11. Они выпили чаю. 12. Она убрала со стола грязные тарелки. 13. Дети надели пальто. xiv. Сюзанна сшила себе платье на день рождения. 15. Она открыла коробку шоколадных конфет. 16. Я купила молоко для молочного коктейля. 17. Джеймс заказал бутылочку яблочного сока. eighteen. Мы поискали побольше компакт-дисков с хорошей музыкой. 19. Ты записал свой любимый фильм на его видеомагнитофоне? 20. Я перевел трудную статью с немецкого языка на русский.

Exercise 5. Сделайте из данных предложений отрицательные.

  1. She has constitute a wallet on the route.
  2. Nosotros accept tidied our country house.
  3.  The weather has changed.
  4. Liz has left you a annotation.
  5. They have moved to another hotel.
  6.  I have caught a big fish.
  7.  Pupils accept learned this poem.
  8.  Mike has booked the tickets for usa.
  9.  The plane has landed.
  10.  The doctor has prescribed some medicine.

врач

Answers: i. She hasn't plant a wallet on the road. ii.We haven't tidied our cottage house. 3.The weather hasn't inverse. 4. Liz hasn't left you lot a annotation. 5.They haven't moved to another hotel. half-dozen. I haven't caught a large fish. 7. Pupils haven't learned this poem. 8. Mike hasn't booked the tickets for us. 9. The plane hasn't landed. 10. The doctor hasn't prescribed some medicine.

Practice 6. Сделайте из данных предложений вопросительные.

  1. Nosotros have been to the theatre.
  2.  I take painted the walls in my bedroom.
  3.  Richard has turned on the radio.
  4.  They accept explained this rule to me.
  5. Amy and Ron have gone to play lawn tennis.
  6. Molly has made a cup of tea.
  7.  His parents have gone to the market.
  8. Nelly has typed three letters.
  9.  The parrot has flown away.
  10.  The students have prepared for the exams.

кей он

Answers: 1.Have nosotros been to the theatre? 2. I have painted the walls in my bedroom. 3. Has Richard turned on the radio? 4. Have they explained this rule to me? 5. Accept Amy and Ron gone to play tennis? half-dozen. Has Molly made a loving cup of tea? 7. Have his parents gone to the marketplace? eight. Has Nelly typed 3 letters? 9. Has the parrot flown away? 10. Have the students prepared for the exams?

Practice seven. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требу­ющейся форме, так чтобы получить Present Con­tinuous или Present Perfect.

  1. What's the matter? Why he (to stop)?
  2.  My cousin (to look) for a task, just he (not to find) a job notwithstanding.
  3.  It (to be) impossible for her to feel at home here.
  4. What you lot (to written report) now?
  5.  They merely (to requite) yous a pay rising.
  6.  Sophie is busy. She (to knit) a sweater for her grandson.
  7.  Yous only (to have) a like shooting fish in a barrel? Yous (not to swallow) much.
  8.  People (to plant) carrots and tomatoes at present.
  9. You (to go) to constitute tomatoes this year?
  10.  Johnny, who finally (to discover) a new chore, (to give) a big political party.
  11.  How long you lot (to be) sick?
  12.  You (to see) any expert mov­ies recently?
  13.  What you (to look) forward to?
  14.  Nancy (to wait) forrard to this weekend.
  15.  She (to become) to read Shakespeare and she (non to go) to think about work.
  16. Mike (to leave) for work nonetheless?
  17. They (to pay) their electric bill this calendar month?
  18. How long you (to know) each other?
  19. Your car (to make) foreign noises. Is annihilation wrong?
  20. The boy (to exercise) his homework and (to take) a karate lesson now.
  21.  I (to have) dinner with my friends at the moment and I am very happy to see them once more.
  22. Jay never (to travel) overseas.
  23. Nosotros ever (to have) a dog and a cat. We love pets.
  24. Larry never (to own) a sports car.

машина

Answers: 1. Why has he stopped. 2. My cousin is looking, he hasn't establish. 3. It has been. 4. What are yous studying. 5. They have just given you a pay ascent. half-dozen. She is knitting. 7. Have you merely had, you haven't eaten. eight. People are planting. ix. Are yous going. 10. Johnny, who has finally found, is giving. eleven. How long have you been. ii. Have you seen. 13. What are y'all looking. 14. Nancy is looking. 15. She is going, she is not going. 16. Has Mike left. 17. Have they paid. 18. How long take y'all known. 19. Your automobile is making. 20. The boy has washed, is taking. 21. I am having. 22. Jay has never travelled. 23. Nosotros accept always had. 24. Larry has never endemic.

Practise viii. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Perfect или Past Simple.

  1.  It (to be) very cold yesterday.
  2. When you (to meet) him?
  3. I (not to encounter) him since 1997.
  4.  How many mushrooms you (to gather)?
  5. Where you (to put) the newspaper? I desire to read it, but cannot find it anywhere.
  6.  The new school (to brainstorm) work­ing last yr.
  7.  At last I (to do) all my homework: now I shall become out.
  8.  The building of the firm (to brainstorm) early on in April.
  9. The rain (to stop) but a common cold wind is still blowing.
  10.  We already (to solve) the problem.
  11. He (to come up) a moment ago.
  12.  I nev­er (to speak) to him.
  13.  He but (to stop) his work.
  14.  You (to make) any spelling mistakes in your dic­tation?
  15.  What books you (to read) when yous (to alive) in the country?
  16.  They (not yet to come) from the south.
  17.  He (to be) ill last week, only now he (to recover).
  18. If everybody (to read) this new nov­el, let's talk over it.
  19. You lot (to book) tickets? — Yes, I … . I (to book) them several days ago.
  20.  I tin hardly recognize you. I (non to see) you since you (to leave) for Moscow. And you (to change) and then much.
  21.  You lot (to read) all the books on this shelf?
  22. I (not to see) my cousin since terminal yr.
  23.  Why you (to put) these things in the wrong place?
  24. Why y'all (to exit) the door open? Y'all will catch cold sitting in the draught.
  25.  «We (not to meet) for such a long time!» said my friend. «Yes, indeed,»I answered, «and we both (to grow).»

друзья

Answers:one. it was. 2. When did you meet. 3. I have not seen. 4. Accept you gathered. v. Where take you put. 6. The new school began working. 7. I accept done. 8. The building of the house began. 9. The rain has stopped. 10. Nosotros have already solved. eleven. He came. 12. I have never spoken. thirteen. He has just finished. 14. Have y'all fabricated. fifteen. What books did yous read, yous lived. 16. They have non yet come. 17. He was, he has recovered. 18. Everybody has read. 19. Have you booked, I accept, I booked 20. I take not seen, y'all left, you have inverse. 21. Accept you read. 22. I accept not seen. 23. Why have yous put. 24. Why take you left. 25. Nosotros accept not met, we both have grown.

WELL DONE!

Литература:

  1. Павличенко О.М. Английский язык. Грамматический практикум. II уровень. — ii-е изд., испр. и доп. — X.: Ранок, 2012. — 304 с.
  2. Голицынский Ю.Б. Грамматика: Сборник упражнений. — 5-е изд., — СПб: КАРО, 2005. — 544 с. — (Английский язык для школьников).